Electric-power-transmission system.



No. 755,853. PATENTED MAR. 29, 1904.

. M. DERI.

ELEGTRIG'POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM.

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7 PATENTBD MAR. 29, 1904. M. DERI. ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM.

APPLICATION IILBD MAY 28, 1902.

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No. 755,853. .5 PATENTED MAR. 29, 1904. M. DERI.

ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED MAY 25, 1902. N0 MODEL. 5 SHEETS-SHEET a W'tnesses; Inventor;

No. 755,853. PATENTED MAR. 29, 1904.

M. DERI.

ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 28, 1902.

no MODEL. 5 SHEETS-SHEETL No. 755,853 PATENTED MAR. 29, 1904.

M. DERI.

ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM.

. APPLICATION FILED MAY 28, 1902- 7 N0 MODEL. 5 SHEETS-4H1 5- UNITED STATES Patented March 29, 1904.

PATENT OFFICE.

MAX DERI, OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, ASSIGNOR TO STANLEY ELECTRIC MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

ELECTRlC-POWER-TRANSMISSION SYSTEM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 755,853, dated March 29, 1904.

7 A licati fil d May 28, 1902. Serial No. 109,309. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, MAX DitRI, engineer, a subject of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, residing at Vienna, in the Empire of Austria- Hungary, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric-Power-Transmission Systems; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to electric powertransmission systems, and has for its object improved means for controlling the operation thereof.

More particularly, my invention has for its object means whereby the power-generator and the motor receiving power are caused to automatically and mutually control each other to insure an economical operation and regulation of the power-generator and also to insure the safe operation of the motor supplied thereby without the use of main-line resistance, particularly when the motor is to be started or reversed.

My invention is particularly adaptable to traction systemsas, for example, streetrailway systems-where the motor must operate through a Wide range of torque and must bear rough usage, particularly when it is desired to suddenly start and stop the car driven thereby, and a special feature of my invention includes means whereby a considerable amount of energy with corresponding low voltage can be made available for starting, stopping, and reversing the motor. The regulation and control are accomplished by my improved method of operating the powergenerator, the magnetic excitation of which.

is so arranged that the voltage of the generator varies inversely with thecurrent.

generator can therefore be connected directly therewith from a state of rest or non-excited and rheostat C out of circuit.

representationof the relations of pressure,

current, and energy. Fig.3 is a graphical representation of the relations of torque to speed of rotation of the motor. Figs. A, 5, and 6 show a modified use of generators and motors arranged in accordance with my invention. Fig. 7 shows another modified arrangement, the motors being utilized to propel vehicles.

Like characters of reference indicate like parts throughout the several figures.

A generator Gr supplies current through a transmission-line L L to amotor M, adapted for direct connection thereto by means of a switch A. The motor may be employed to drive machinery or the like or to propel a vehicle or car V, as shown in Fig. 7. I preferably connect the armature and field-winding W of generator G in series and in series relation with the line L L. An exciter E supplies current to an additional field-winding W on generator Or, so disposed that its magnetizing effect is in opposition to that created by winding W the tendency of winding W being, preferably, to excite the field-poles of generator G to a high degree of saturation.

The motor M may be self-excited by wellknown means or may be separately excitedas, for example, by a battery B, adapted for connection with the field-winding of the motor through a reversing-switch S, a rheostat resistance O being included in the excitingcircu it.

The operation is now apparent. generator G in operation and excited by exciter E, through winding W, switch A open, Switch A may now be closed and motor M connected directly to the line L. Rheostat O is then adjusted to Suppose give the proper starting torque and after that an average torque best suited for the ordinary work required of the motor M.

As the winding W in circuit with the line L L and motor M, is wound in opposition to the winding W, injurious rise of current will be checked when switch A is suddenly closed.

In Fig. 2 curve E E shows the voltage at the generator, and E E the corresponding voltage at the motor, both in relation to the variable working-current value shown by line i The motor-field remaining constant, the motor speed will automatically vary inversely with the current. This will be the condition when the motor runs under ordinary conditions. If it is now desired to stop, the motor-field is brought to zero by switch S and is then excited to a greater or less degree in a reverse direction, according as the braking action required is to be gradual or sudden.

is thus reversed, and as it increases in reverse value E also becomes zero and becomes reversed, the pressures changing their relations to each other, E becoming greater than E, motor and generator counteracting each other to brake motor M. Before the motor comes to rest the motor-field is brought to Zero, or if it-is desired to continue in a reverse direction reverse excitation is maintained.

In Fig. 2 curve A A represents the energy delivered by the generator G and curve A A that consumed by the motor, both in relation to the current strength represented on line i It will be seen that A becomes zero when 7? equals Zero and when i equals 0 a and that the greatest energy value does not occur with the greatest current strength, but with a current strength between these values of Zero and 0 a at a point near (0. Consequently at this point the greatest torque will be obtained with corresponding low voltage. IVith v1 negative and 2' greater than 0 a A is of negative value, and consequently in both these cases retarding or braking of the motor will occur also with corresponding low voltage, and the car may be braked or stopped, as above described.

I/V hen the motor is employed to propel a vehicle or car V and the car is running down an incline or is coasting, motor M will act as a generator. 71 will be of negative value. E and E will increase, but will only slightly exceed a value corresponding to Zero current. Both pressures remain positive in this case, but change their relation, E becoming greater than E, current consequently flowing back to the generator. The speed of the car in this case is controlled by the amount of excitation allowed by resistance C to motor M, now running as a generator.

, As the working pressure of motor M has only a small value when the rheostat C is opened, it is advantageous to connect or disconnect motor h'I from the line L L at such position of C. During short intervals, however, it is not necessary to interrupt the circuit, because the unexcited motor requires very little energy, as seen by the value of A when E is zero.

In Fig. 2 I have graphically shown the value of the motor torque T corresponding to the speed of rotation U. The ratio be tween these two factors and work er;t'ormed may be definitely determined for a given field strength. By the variation of this field strength the working energy can be regulated without reducing the economy, because opposite variation of torque and speed or, in other words, current and voltage will always adjust themselves automatically.

In the coordinate diagram in Fig. 3 I have shown eight different curves for positive value of the motor-field +012, and the same number of curves for negative values of the motorfield m. The positive ordinates indicate the tractive force +1, and the negative ordinates represent the braking forces T, the latter forces occurring both when the motor runs at a great speed with positive held and when the motor has its magnetism reversed while running to cause braking.

For simplicity I have described my invention in connection with only one generator and one motor; but it may also be adaptable where several motors or several generators are used, as shown in Figs. 4%, 5, and 6. In such cases all the machines in one group should be excited and regulated in common, so that variation in field strength may take place sim ul taneously. The herein-described method of transmitting power can also be applied to installations in which several generators or motors work independently of each other-for example, in extensive railway systems. In this case the installation is divided into several sections F F, insulated from each other, as shown in Fig. 7

IV here installations have two or more lines in which trains cross each other, sections of rail should be insulated from each other in lengths, according to the amount of traflic, in order that there may be but one train running at the same time on any section. Each section may be separately supplied continuously or periodically by an independent generator the excitation of which is effected, as hereinbet'ore described, in order that the regulation thereof and ot' the motor on each train may be caused independently of the others.

I/Vhile I have herein shown and particularly described the preferred embodiment of my invention, I do not wish to limit myself to the precise construction and arrangement herein shown; but,

Having described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. In a system of electrical power transmis sion, the combination of a motor, a series generator in circuit with said motor, a separatelyexcited field-winding on said generator wound in opposition to the series winding thereon, and means whereby the field-winding of said motor may be separately and adjustably excited, substantially as described.

2. In a system of electrical power transmission, the combination of a series generator, a separately-excited field-winding on said generator wound in opposition to the series fieldwinding thereon, a motor having its armature included in series with said series field-winding on said generator, and means for controlling the'current through the field-winding of said motor, substantially as described.

3. In a system of electrical power transmission, the combination of a series generator, a separately-excited field-winding on said generator wound in opposition to the series fieldwinding thereon, a motor havingits armature included in series with said series field-winding on said generator, means for adjusting a current through the field-winding of said motor, and means for reversing said current, substantially as described.

4:. In a system of electrical power transmission, the combination of a series generator, a separately-excited field-winding on said generator wound in opposition to the series fieldwinding thereon, a motor having its armature included in series with said series field-winding on said generator, and having a separately-excited field-winding, substantially as described.

5. In a system of electrical power transmission, the combination of a series generator, a separately-excited field-winding on said generator wouncLin opposition to the series fieldwinding thereon, a motor having its armature included in series with said series field-winding on said generator and having a separatelyexcited field-winding, means for adjusting the current through said motor field-winding, and means for reversing said current, substantially as described.

6. In a system of electrical power transmission, the combination with a generator having field-poles constantly magnetized in one direction, and a self-excited field-winding wound to oppose said direction, of a motor in electrical connection therewith, and means whereby said motor may be separately excited, substantially as described.

7 In a system of electrical power transmission, the combination with a generator having field-poles constantly magnetized in one direction and a self-excited field-winding wound to oppose said direction, of a plurality of motors in electrical connection therewith, said motors being separately excited and controlled in common, substantially as described.

8. In a system of electrical power transmission, the combination with a generator having field-poles constantly magnetized in one direction and a self-excited.fieldwinding woundto oppose said direction, of a motor in electrical connection therewith, means whereby said motor may be separately excited, means whereby the exciting-current may be reversed, and means whereby said current may be adjusted, substantially as described.

9. In a system of electrical transmission, the combination of a generator having a separately-excited field-winding and an oppositelywound series winding through which the main current may flow, a motor having anarmature included in series with said series winding on said generator, and a separate adjustable exciting means for said motor whereby the operative condition of said motor may be varied thereby to vary the main current fiow- 11. In a system of electrical power transmission, the combination of a plurality of motors, means whereby the field-windings of said motors may be separately excited in common, an independent series generator in circuit with each motor, an additional field-winding on each of said generators wound in opposition to the series winding thereon, and external means whereby said additional field-windings may be excited in common, substantially as described.

12. In asystem of electrical power transmission, the combination of a plurality of motors, means whereby said motors may be excited in common from an external source, a plurality of series generators in circuits with said motors, an additional field-winding on each of said generators wound in opposition to the series winding thereon, and external means whereby said additional field-windings may be excited in common, substantially as described.

13. In asystem of electrical power transmission, the combination with a plurality of motors excited in common from a separate source, of a plurality of series generators in connection therewith, said generators being excited in common from a separate source in opposition to the excitation caused by the series windings thereon, substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

MAX DERI.

VVitnessesz,

ALvEsTo S. Hoeun, AUeUsT FUGGER. 

